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PMI's everywhere, but it's the UK that catches the eye.......


Monday 2nd November 2015

PMI's everywhere, but it's the UK that catches the eye.......

The Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) is a survey conducted amongst companies to gauge levels of activity, new orders etc in a particular sector. A figure above 50 represents growth, a figure below 50 means contraction. It's possibly not THE most important piece of data looked at by analysts, but at the same time it's a long way from the least important and there's been a raft of releases this morning.

In China, manufacturing PMI for October was revealed as 49.8 (the official version, at least!). Private surveys suggest a lower figure but even the official number represents a contraction for the 3rd successive month and would confirm, as if anybody was in any doubt, that China has "challenges" to face.

In the Eurozone, October manufacturing PMI came in at 52.3, bettering both last month's number and the expectation for October by 0.3 . Anything better than expected is obviously welcome but given the level of stimulus being pumped in by the ECB's QE programme the data is hardly dynamic. (Note : In an interview in the Italian press at the weekend, ECB boss Mario Draghi seemed to pour water on the idea that it was somehow inevitable that the QE programme would be beefed up in December).

Surprise of the day (so far) comes from the UK, where the October PMI for the struggling manufacturing sector was posted at 55.5  --  up from September's 51.8 and a lot higher than the expected 51.3. No evidence of global headwinds in that number and one has to wonder whether that might be reflected this "Triple Thursday", the second and less-than-entirely popular occasion when the Bank of England will release its interest rate decision, the minutes of the last policy meeting and inflation data all in one go. No one could expect a hike in rates (that looks to have been put off until well into next year), but people will want to know whether the decision to keep rates at 0.5% is still carried by a majority of 8 - 1.

Understandably the immediate effect of the UK number was to boost Sterling, which for some time has been a beneficiary (along with the US) of expected interest rate differentials that come with being further advanced in the economic cycle. All of that is of course logical, but if you're after an example of how you might take differing short and long-term views on a currency (or anything else, for that matter)  , have a look at :
 
Ref : "Double blow for UK threatens sterling" , The Financial Times, p.2

Fernando Giugliano makes the case that despite the markets' apparent sanguinity to Britain's fairly appalling Current Account deficit, it's an issue that may take heavy toll on the Pound sooner or later. Quite why everyone is so relaxed on the subject is a little hard to fathom. It's not as though the UK hasn't had current account crises before .... in 1976, 1985 and 1992 in fact.

Last year the current account deficit reached a post-WW2 high of 5.1% of GDP. It's receded a little since (to about 3.6%) but remains at historically very high levels. One might be tempted to think that given the UK economy's bias towards services over manufacturing the problem must lie in its Trade Gap, the difference in value between what it exports and imports. Not so, in fact. That figure has remained pretty stable over a number of years. The main source of the problem is direct investment income, or more specifically the difference between what UK companies and individuals earn on their foreign investments (down from 3.3% of GDP in 2011 to 0.1% last year) and what investors from abroad earn in the UK (barely changed, comparatively speaking). And a lot of the problems in that area stem from the slide in oil prices (and those of other commodities).

If you think of the UK as an investor, then its portfolio is heavily overweight the oil and mining sectors. The point being made is that whilst it's all very well hoping that a European recovery (for example) will boost UK exports, the current account problems aren't going to go away until we see a sustained rally in the oil price .... and not too many are predicting that right now.

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